I am familiar with the exponential function and the power function.
Exponential Function: $y=3^x$
Power of Function: $y=x^3$
But what do the numbers under the theta in this image represent?
$h_𝜃(x)=𝜃_0 + 𝜃_1 x$
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$\begingroup$This really depends on the context, but in this case it is probably just $\theta = (\theta_0,\theta_1)$, a vector with two entries. In general, subscripts are usually indices, e.g. $(x_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ for sequences.
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